MEDIEVAL INDIA : TURK INVASIONS

Turkish Invasions

• Ghazni in Afghanistan was ruled by a Turkish family called Gamini of Ghaznavid dynasty.
• Muhammed Ghazni was the first Turkish conqueror of North India.
• Muhammad Ghazni’s father was Subu ktigin.
• He attacked India only for want of wealth.
• He attacked India seventeen times between 1000 and 1027 AD. He made all the raids in the guise of Jihad.
• First Invasion was in 1001 AD.
• He defeated Jaipal and Anandpal of Shahi dynasty in 1001 and 1009 respectively.
• The most important raid of Muhammed was the Somanath expedition. It was in 1025. He completely destroyed the temple. Somanath Temple was on the sea coast of Gujarat.
• Muhammed Ghazni died in 30th April 1030.
• Later his son Masud attacked India and captured Kashmir.
• The famous Persian poet Firdausi who wrote
• ‘Shahnama’ (The Book of Kings) lived in his court.
• Alberuni, an Arab Historian, who wrote Tarikhul- Hind (Reality of Hindustan), accompanied Muhammed Ghazni to India.
• Al-Firdausi is known as ‘Indian Homer’, ‘Persian Homer’, or ‘The Immortal Homer of the East’. Muhammed of Ghore attacked India betwen 1175 and 1206 AD.
• Muhammed Ghori made his first expedition to India and captured multan in 1175 AD.
• In the First Battle Tarain in 1191 (near Taneswar) Muhammed Ghori was defeated by the Rajput forces under Prithviraj Chauhan III.
• In the Second Battle of Tarain (1192 AD) Muhammed Ghori assisted by Qutub -ud-din Aibek a slave, defeated Prithviraj Chauhan III and killed him.
• In 1193 Muhamed Ghori attacked Jaichand, father in law of Prithviraj . III at Kanauj, Jaichand was defeated.
• Muhammed Ghori returned from India by intrusting his territories in India in the hands of Qutub- Uddin Aibak.
• After the death of Ghori in 1206 Aibek founded the Slave Dynasty.
• Muhammed Ghoris Indian invasion resulted in the foundation of Islamic rule in India.